In 13th century, Turks pulverized roasted coffee beans, mixed with water and spices (cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves) and boiled to produce Turkish Coffee Ibrik (hourglass shaped boiling pot) invented to speed up preparation of Turkish Coffee

In 15th century, first coffee houses opened in Mecca 1550's Coffee houses opened in Constantinople and Damascus Venetian traders may have been first to carry coffee out of the East and into Italy

1616 Dutch smuggled a coffee plant out of Yemen 1650 First Coffee House opened in Italy 1650 First English coffee house opened in Oxford by Turkish immigrant named Jacobs

1652 First Coffee House opened in London 1658 Coffee cultivation began in Dutch colonies of Ceylon and Java Cultivation so successful, "Java" became synonym for coffee Resulted in growth of coffee trading in Amsterdam

1670 First Boston Coffee House opened by Dorothy Jones 1683 First Viennese Coffee House, Blue Bottle, opened with green coffee beans left behind after the Austrians defeated invading Turks 1689 Café Procope opened in Paris frequented by the likes of Rousseau, Voltaire, Napoleon Bonaparte, Benjamin Franklin

1700's Number of coffee houses in London reported at 2000. Lloyd's of London, now the largest insurance house in the world, began as a coffee house during this time 1714 Dutch sent coffee plants to King Louis XIV of France 1718 Dutch move coffee from Java to Dutch Guyana in South America

1720 Café Florian opened in Venice. Still in operation today! 1730 British took coffee to Jamaica 1750-60 Guatemala received first coffee crop 1779 Coffee moved from Cuba to Costa Rica 1790 Mexico received first coffee plant

1825 Hawaii received coffee from Rio de Janeiro 1843 By this date, Paris reportedly supported 3000 coffee houses. One of these, Café de la Paix, still operates today 1878 Introduction of coffee to British East Asia. Coffee back "home" Now, coffee is second only to oil as the world's largest-traded commodity